What influences the formation of a child's character

The most famous psychologists, physiologists and teachers studied the process of character formation in children. 3. Freud, K. Jung, A. Adler, A. Beck, N. Lossky, P. Lesgaft, A. Nechaev, etc. various factors that influenced this process were described. However, all theoretical constructions boil down to the fact that the character of a child is determined by three main components — heredity, temperament and the environment in which he grows up. In our article we will look at each of them, as well as deal with the role of other important factors — education, daily routine and sports.

Let's go!

Is it possible to inherit a characterModern research in the field of genetics has repeatedly refuted the myth that character can be inherited from parents.

However, some personality traits of a person are associated with his genome. For example, children can inherit parental sociability, love for certain activities (for example, traveling or fishing), irritability and even political preferences. 

But here the question already arises: what influences the formation of a child's character more — genetics or upbringing? It is noteworthy that in almost every aspect of personality there is both. However, if education is able to separately form some kind of character trait, then genetics "works" only in conjunction with education. 

Find out how to choose the best way to raise your child - at Dmitry Karpachev's transplant-free online master class "What every parent should know". In 2010, scientists investigated the "altruism gene" OXTR, or rather, a set of its variants.

People who are carriers of two variants had a trait of complaining to others about their problems. The carriers of the third option kept their problems to themselves more, but at the same time they could complain about life if the situation promoted revelations. Roughly speaking, the OXTR gene determines a person's tendency to whine. And whether he will show this inclination depends on the social environment.

By the way, education can completely "turn off" genetics in terms of the formation of personality traits. It can both strengthen them and modify them. Therefore, it is not worth sinning on bad heredity. Even if it exists, correction by education will bear fruit. 

The games we playChildren perceive life as a kind of game, and all their cognitive processes are inextricably linked with play activities.

That is why advanced pedagogical techniques include game elements in any type of activity — learning, creativity, development. 

The games we play largely determine what kind of people we become. The game not only develops individual skills, but also lays the foundations of a worldview. 

Watch the child: How does he behave in the game? 

• Is he an organizer (leader) or an ordinary participant (performer)? 
• How well does he handle the game? 
• How quickly does he get into the rules?
• How long does the game hold his attention?
• How does the child feel about his failures during the game?
• How does he feel about other people's failures? 

The choice of games and behavior in them will give guidelines in which direction your child's character is formed. Also read: Inattentive child: reasons and how to helpIs it possible to change the character of a child by upbringing

The key elements of education are the development of personality, the creation of optimal conditions for the self—determination of the child, socialization and instilling moral attitudes.

At the same time, there is no change in the character of the child among the goals of upbringing. On the contrary, it is necessary to be extremely careful about the peculiarities of the individual, because if you go against her interests, you can significantly slow down the development, impose complexes. 

In the process of upbringing, parents may notice the formation of new traits of the child's character — both positive and negative. The former open up new horizons of possibilities for him, while the latter set additional tasks for parents. What can be done with undesirable character traits in a child:adjust;

• soften;
• compensate;
• translate into the right direction , etc .

For example, resentment should not be suppressed, but compensated by the development of friendliness. Optional can be mitigated by generosity. And quick temper can be corrected by relaxation techniques and switching attention.

Moral and ethical standards The child takes over from adults not only habits and behaviors, but also basic values.

Moreover, this process takes place in any case — regardless of whether parents will focus on cultural, spiritual and moral issues. 

The norms of morality and ethics are absorbed by children in the background.

You can repeat to the child 100 times that you need to be fair, but it is enough for you to act unfairly several times, as all the words said earlier will cease to have weight. 

If you allow yourself to raise your voice to your parents, and then teach the child to respect the elders, there will be no result. If you indifferently pass by a hungry kitten, and then enthusiastically talk about the need to help our smaller brothers — the child will not believe you. If you cheat yourself, and then demand honesty, you will not get it.

The spiritual and moral aspect of education affects the formation of the child's character in a direct way, since it is the basis for the formation of the most important personality qualities. 

The relationship of character and temperamentMany people compare, and more often confuse the concepts of "character" and "temperament".

According to the generally accepted definition, temperament is one of the components of character. This is an individual complex of psychodynamic features that determine human behavior.

Both of these concepts are directly related to the physiological characteristics and emotional sphere of the child. But if you visualize their interaction, it will look like this:

Features of the nervous system → Temperament → CharacterThat is, physiology has the primary influence on character, but it does not act directly, but through a certain complex of mental properties. 

If you ask yourself how old the character of a particular child is formed, then first you need to understand whether his temperament has finally formed. 

Learn how to properly influence the formation of your child's character, taking into account his temperament - at Dmitry Karpachev's transplant-free online master class "What every parent should know".Right now, click on the "Register" button and get a gift.

The peculiarity of the interaction of character and temperament

Such character traits as poise, inertia, mobility and curiosity are determined precisely by temperament.

But here it is important to understand the logic of interaction — if some features of temperament determine the development of certain character traits, this does not mean that children with the same temperament will have similar characters.

A choleric child can be both an energetic creator and a neurotic destroyer.

✓ A sanguine child can be both an inquisitive optimist and a lazy "nekhochuha".

A phlegmatic child can be both an enthusiastic researcher and a slow silent person.

A melancholic child can be both a subtle romantic and a stubborn pessimist. 

After completing the process of character formation, temperament gradually ceases to be a form of personality manifestation. It becomes, rather, a measure of the speed of the flow of mental processes. Therefore, it is difficult to evaluate an adult only from the standpoint of the characteristics of temperament. There are already many other add-ons in his character that can both argue with temperament and completely suppress it. 

Sport and characterSport has a positive effect on the formation of a child's character.

It helps to develop such traits as endurance, diligence, the ability to achieve results and not to despair in case of defeats. 

It is very important to choose the right sport. Focus on both the characteristics of the child's character and the goal you have set. For example, it is better not to give a bully-individualist to martial arts, but to attach him to group classes (football, basketball, etc.). These sports will help him realize the value of team play and the importance of managing emotions. 

A few tips on choosing a sport depending on the nature of the child:✓ Speed and strength sports, swimming and short-distance running, skiing, tennis, gymnastics, snowboarding are suitable for an extrovert.

✓ Cyclical sports (athletics, swimming, cycling, running) will be closer to the introvert.

✓ Children with labile mentality are shown wellness classes without a competitive component: yoga, fitness, swimming. 

✓ Asthenics will find themselves in sports that are related to movement: football, skiing, running, walking, athletics.

Hyperthymic children (overactive) will manifest themselves in martial arts (Aikido, karate, taekwondo).

✓ For children with a conformal character, when the opinion and attitude of the majority are of decisive importance, any team competitive sports are suitable: football, volleyball, basketball, handball, hockey.

Mode and characterThe daily routine is of great importance for the harmonious development of the child.

It helps to streamline the rhythm of life, to carry out all the planned things without too much fuss. 

Do not forget that the character of the child begins to form from birth, so you need to get used to the regime as early as possible, and by the age of 3, life on a schedule will become a good habit. 

Food, sleep, educational activities, games, walks, hygiene procedures — all this should happen with a certain regularity. If you do not deviate from the regime, then after a while you will notice pleasant changes in the character of the child. It will become more:

• balanced;
• cheerful;
• collected;
• cheerful;
• focused.

Gradually, the baby's biorhythms will adjust to the regime, so you will forget about morning tantrums and irritated crying after a lunch nap. The problem of lack of appetite will also disappear. 

If you change your usual routine in connection with attending kindergarten or school, take a few weeks to adapt. 

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The ancient Greek philosopher Heraclitus wrote the following words: "Character determines the fate of a person." Such a simple truth leads to reasonable reflections on whether we pay enough attention to the analysis of children's character? After all, if their future life really depends on it, then it's worth learning more about what exactly and how it affects it. We hope our article has helped you answer these questions.