A 6-year-old child: what he should be able and know, readiness for school

A 6-year-old child is on the verge of important changes in his life. Yesterday's kid, a kindergarten student, will soon become a schoolboy. You should get acquainted with your classmates, teachers, and school rules. Game time is reduced, and new responsibilities arise. The task of parents is to support the child during this period, to create favorable conditions for its development. Prepare your child for the role of a first-grader. What a child should know before school – more on this later in the article.

What a 6-year-old child should know and be able to do

What skills should parents pay attention to before school?

Thinking

The child supplements the knowledge gained in classes with parents and other adults with their own comments and conclusions.

A preschooler is well-versed: he knows the way to a kindergarten, shop, or bus stop. Can detect the time on the clock with hands. Successfully performs tasks to identify minor differences in two drawings, compare objects by height, depth, length, and width. Reproduces block letters, holds the pen correctly.

The logic of reasoning of six-year-olds surprises, causes pride of parents. Yesterday's kid clearly and consistently expresses his thoughts. "Clicks" the task: finds the word that unites it to the chain of objects, reveals terms with words that match the meaning. Understands cause-and-effect relationships: "I refused to wear a hat for a walk and therefore got sick."

By the age of six, thinking through images develops. The child draws, sculpts, lays out mosaic patterns not according to the example proposed by adults, but according to his imagination. She creates stories for games, adds fictional details, or remakes familiar fairy tales.

Basic knowledge of mathematics and the world around you

What else a 6-year-old child should know. For example, basic knowledge of mathematics. Easily counts to ten and vice versa, can count objects and write numbers. Adds, subtracts, understands the concepts more or less. Draws simple and complex geometric shapes on paper, and knows their names.

A preschooler draws knowledge about the world around them from walks, cartoons, books, communication with peers and adults. He knows the names and purpose of surrounding objects, and is able to describe their features. It distinguishes between domestic and wild animals, migratory and wintering birds. Knows the names of trees and shrubs, shows them on a walk.

Attention and memory

Attention and memory in six-year-olds are almost completely formed. The child is able to focus on an interesting task for up to 20 minutes and bring it to the end after a short break.

Voluntary memory begins to prevail over involuntary memory. The child purposefully makes an effort to remember: several times repeats a line of a poem, an unfamiliar word. It can retell a cartoon series or a story you read before going to bed.

Language and reading skills

Others understand what the child is saying. Her active vocabulary is large and diverse: the child uses all parts of speech, participial turns, complex sentences. Replaces repeated words with synonyms and pronouns.

Clearly pronounces all sounds, is able to change the intonation and strength of the voice. It is practiced in monologue speech.

What should a 6-year-old child be able to do? Know the letters, distinguish them from sounds, pronounce and reproduce them on the sheet. Name words with a given letter. Some children learn syllabic reading at the age of 6. There are a lot of educational materials on this issue, so parents can easily figure out how to teach a child to read at the age of 6.

Social adaptation

Social skills are important skills for a child before school. They are formed in the process of communication between a child and peers on the playground, in kindergarten, in clubs and sections. A preschooler learns to negotiate, compromise, defend their own boundaries, and feel the boundaries of others.

Self-service skills are developed: self-dressing, taking care of cleanliness, the ability to warm up and put food on a plate, set the table, and perform hygiene procedures without constant parental control and reminders. The child performs all possible household chores.

A six-year-old does not stand out among strangers, feels confident if her parents are nearby. Communicates with adults and children, answers questions, and makes new acquaintances.

Relationships with peers and parents

Children 6 years old begin to move away from their parents. This is a normal, natural process that should be accepted by adults as the next stage in the development of the child. Support, hugs, unobtrusive control, help from mom and dad, and trusting communication with them are still very important.

Preschoolers strive to communicate with their peers, they make real friends. Joint activities are no longer limited to Toys.

Children have topics to talk about, they exchange impressions about books and cartoons, tell each other about important events in life, about plans. They learn to negotiate with each other, discuss the rules of joint games, and resolve conflicts without the help of adults.

Children begin to show sympathy for the opposite sex, which can be expressed both in outright adoration and signs of attention, and in false indifference to the object of falling in love.

What difficulties can a child face and how to help them

At the age of 6-7 years, there is a stage of another psychological crisis. The child grows up, learns to control their emotions and desires. In life, educational activity appears as a stage of preparation for school. The child's behavior (to a greater or lesser extent) shows Disobedience, a desire to argue with parents and other adults, and defend their opinion. The preschooler becomes more reasonable, attentive to appearance. Reacts sharply to criticism.

Requirements for preschoolers are increasing. Parents and kindergarten teachers are waiting for more independence and responsibility: "you will soon go to school, urgently learn to read/tie your shoelaces/make friends." A child who finds himself on the verge of serious changes may experience difficulties. The task of parents is to calm, support, and help.

Communication problems

She is too shy to speak first, to ask to be taken into the game. She's worried that she doesn't have any friends. She sticks to children, imposes herself, even if they don't want to play with her. She considers everyone her friends, even those who offend her.

Tips for parents:

• Do not ridicule or devalue the child's experiences, do not dismiss them if they complain about communication problems.
• Organize a game in the yard, invite other children to keep your child Company. Invite children who like the child to visit. Have a picnic together. Strengthen your preschooler's self-esteem and work to mitigate shyness.
• Patiently explain that friendship is possible only by mutual desire. Let the child try not to rush to be friends with everyone in a row, but try to find a person with similar interests: invite them to play football or ride a carousel. Teach your preschooler to adequately perceive rejection, respect their own and other people's boundaries.

Self-service skills are lame.

The child dresses only with the help and advice of adults, does not know how to tie shoelaces, does not follow the hygiene and neatness of clothes.

Tips for parents:

• Continue to teach your child self-care skills, improve and complicate them.
• Teach your preschooler self-control: "did I brush my teeth thoroughly enough/put away my toys/wash the dishes?».
• Gently insist on completing the task, ask to redo it if it is performed poorly.
• Teach them to take care of things.
• Praise for your success. Do not leave your child face to face with failure.if necessary, explain again what result you expect and how to achieve it.

Knowledge gaps.

A six-year-old girl does not count well, does not know the letters, does not hold a pen correctly and does not know how to retell.

Tips for parents:

• Determine what knowledge your child lacks. This can be done with the help of a caregiver, psychologist, or home testing.
• Try to fill in the learning gaps. Organize classes in a playful way, start with 5 minutes, and gradually increase the time. Give us feasible tasks.
• Do not scold the child for failure, do not compare with other children.

Indecision.

A preschooler gets up, jumps up, and tries to get under the table during classes.

Tips for parents:

• Observe the motor mode, create conditions for physical activity of the child during the day.
• Arrange a physical culture-a minute in between classes.

How to prepare your child for school

For successful and easy adaptation to the school daily routine and study load, the child needs to prepare for the first grade.

Parents give their child knowledge about the world around them gradually, through explanations of their actions, everyday events and phenomena. A preschooler learns to remember and convey information.

In preparation for school, it is important to communicate with the child, replenish his knowledge by reading encyclopedias by age, observing nature while walking, visiting the zoo or farm, discussing the plots of books and cartoons.

The child will learn basic knowledge of geography from traveling, viewing a globe with comments from parents, and educational programs.

Thinking is trained in games with visual aids (cards, toys) when building logical chains, searching for an extra element, and searching for differences in paired pictures.

A preschooler will learn to solve examples faster if you show them the content of addition and subtraction on counting materials: sticks, buttons, sweets, berries. Gradually, the child will move on to counting in his mind.

Classes in finger exercises, modeling, and dot drawing will prepare your hand for writing.

Don't try to teach a 6-year-old child to read at all costs. Knowledge of letters and the ability to represent them graphically is quite sufficient. Move on to syllabic reading gradually, consistently, using high-quality didactic materials. Excessive perseverance, forcing events can lead to the fact that the child will hate reading.

It is important that the child is ready for school not only intellectually, but also emotionally and psychologically.

Children should be able to communicate with their surroundings: teachers, classmates. Socialization is promoted by playing on the playground, attending kindergarten, clubs, and sections.

Teach a six-year-old child daily activities to train perseverance and attention.

Six years is a turning point in a child's life, difficult, interesting and touching for both himself and his parents. Unconditional acceptance, support, trusting and warm relations with mom and dad will help a six-year-old to master the necessary knowledge and skills, prepare well for the first grade and easily integrate into school life.